Implikasi Covid-19 Terhadap Ekonomi: Peranan Institusi Zakat di Malaysia Sebagai Intrumen Berkebajikan dalam Ekonomi Islam

The Implications of Covid-10 on The Economy: The Role of Zakat Instituions in Malaysia as a Welfare Instrument in Islamic Economy

Abstract

Pandemik Covid-19 telah memberi kesan yang amat besar dan signifikan kepada sesebuah negara. Malaysia sebagai sebuah negara yang sedang pesat membangun juga turut terkesan akibat penularan wabak Covid-19 ini. Kesannnya dapat dilihat samada bersifat secara langsung atau tidak secara langsung. Implikasi terhadap ekonomi, sosial dan kesihatan awam adalah salah satu impak dan kesan secara langsung yang dapat dilihat apabila berlakunya penularan wabak Covid-19. Keadaan ini telah menyebabkan kerajaan terpaksa mengawal dan membendung wabak ini melalui pelaksanaan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) demi memastikan sektor kesihatan awam dalam keadaan terkawal. Melalui kaedah pengumpulan dan penganalisian data secara kualitatif, kajian ini bertujuan mengenalpasti implikasi pandemik Covid-19 terhadap ekonomi Malaysia dan mengkaji peranan yang telah dimainkan oleh institusi zakat di Malaysia dalam usaha mengurangkan implikasi ekonomi akibat Covid-19 kepada masyarakat dan negara. Hasil kajian mendapati antara kesan ekonomi yang berlaku akibat wabak ini ialah keadaan kewangan rakyat atau masyarakat yang terbeban disebabkan keterhadan aktiviti ekonomi dan perniagaan kesan pelaksanaan PKP. Selain itu, kesan ekonomi juga dapat dilihat melalui peningkatan kadar pengangguran dan kemelesetan akibat penguncupan KDNK negara. Walaubagaimanapun, beban ekonomi dan kewangan ini telah disokong oleh instrumen zakat yang merupakan salah satu instrumen berkebajikan dalam ekonomi Islam yang telah lama wujud di Malaysia. Peranan institusi zakat ini dapat dilihat melalui penyaluran sejumlah dana khas yang telah dibentuk akibat wabak Covid-19 ini bagi setiap negeri dengan menyalurkan bantuan dan agihan dalam pelbagai bentuk dan kaedah.  

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a huge and significant impact on a country. Malaysia as a rapidly developing country has also been affected by the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic. The effect can be seen either directly or indirectly. The economic, social and public health implications are one of the direct impacts and effects that can be seen when the Covid-19 outbreak occurs. This situation has caused the government to control and contain this epidemic through the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) in order to ensure that the public health sector is under control. Through qualitative data collection and analysis methods, this study aims to identify the implications of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Malaysian economy and examine the role played by zakat institutions in Malaysia in an effort to reduce the economic implications of Covid-19 to the community and the country. The results of the study found that among the economic effects that occurred as a result of this epidemic was the financial condition of the people or the community that was burdened due to the limitation of economic and business activities as a result of the implementation of the MCO. In addition, the economic impact can also be seen through an increase in the unemployment rate and recession due to the contraction of the country's GDP. However, this economic and financial burden has been supported by the instrument of zakat which is one of the welfare instruments in the Islamic economy that has existed for a long time in Malaysia. The role of this zakat institution can be seen through the channeling of a number of special funds that have been formed as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak for each state by channeling aid and distribution in various forms and methods.